双语：长江禁渔十年！最迟2021年之前全面禁捕

　　禁渔

　　fishing ban

　　为了改变“无鱼”困局，长江开启了十年禁渔。

　　根据《国务院办公厅关于加强长江水生生物保护工作的意见》以及农业农村部、财政部和人力资源社会保障部印发的《长江流域重点水域禁捕和建立补偿制度实施方案》，2020年1月1日起，长江流域的重点水域将分类分阶段实行渔业禁捕。

　　Starting from this year, the fishing ban will be observed in 332 conservation areas in the Yangtze River basin, which will also be expanded to all natural waterways of the river and its major tributaries from no later than Jan 1, 2021.

　　2020年起，长江流域332个保护区全面禁止生产性捕捞;最迟自2021年1月1日零时起，禁渔范围将扩大至所有长江干流和重要支流天然水域。

　　【知识点】

　　在水文学上，支流(tributary)指汇入另一条河流(或其他水体)而不直接入海的河流。

　　支流所汇入的河流称为干流或主流(mainstream)，两河或多河交汇之处称为合流或合流处(confluence)。与支流相反的情况称为分流(distributary)。

　　长江干流(the Yangtze River mainstream)是指青海省曲麻莱县以下至长江河口的长江干流江段;重要支流(major tributaries)是指岷江、沱江、赤水河、嘉陵江、乌江、汉江等重要通江河流在甘肃、陕西、云南、贵州、四川、重庆、湖北境内的干流江段，大渡河在青海和四川境内的干流河段，以及各省份确定的其他重要支流。

　　Fishing will also be prohibited on natural waterways of large lakes connected to the Yangtze such as the Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake for 10 years starting from no later than Jan 1, 2021.

　　对鄱阳湖、洞庭湖等大型通江湖泊天然水域，最迟自2021年1月1日零时起实行暂定为期10年的常年禁捕。

　　禁捕是有效缓解长江生物资源衰退和生物多样性下降危机的关键之举。

　　The Yangtze River has long been suffering from human activities such as overfishing, pollution and damming.

　　长江长期以来受过度捕捞、水域污染、拦河筑坝等人类活动的影响。

　　Biological deterioration has reduced fishing activities along the Yangtze as well, which now only produces 0.32 percent of China's total freshwater aquatic products. In recent years, annual catch from the Yangtze has fallen to less than 100,000 tonnes from more than 420,000 tonnes in the 1950s.

　　生态破坏也使得渔业生产受到严重影响。20世纪50年代，年长江流域天然捕捞量超过42万吨，近年来长江每年的捕捞量也不足10万吨，约占全国淡水水产品总量的0.32%。

　　▌多方合力保障28万渔民生计

　　The 10-year ban is estimated to affect more than 113,000 fishing boats and nearly 280,000 fishermen in 10 provincial regions along the river. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has promised to provide social security services, financial support and vocational trainings for fishermen who have to find new ways of living.

　　根据测算，长江流域重点水域禁捕共涉及沿江10个省市的合法持证渔船11.3万多艘、渔民近28万人。农业农村部承诺统筹协调落实退捕渔民过渡期生活补助、社会保障、职业技能培训等政策。

　　▌禁捕后仍要做大量工作以确保生态修复

　　Efforts will also be made to protect rare species and enhance monitoring over aquatic life in the Yangtze, and to improve protection and management strategies in accordance with biological resource restoration progress.

　　针对珍稀物种采取保护措施;构建长江水生生物调查监测平台;根据渔业资源恢复情况，改进保护管理政策。

　　Notes

　　国家公园体制

　　national park system

　　生态文明

　　ecological civilization

　　山水林田湖草系统治理

　　a holistic approach to conserving mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands

　　绿水青山就是金山银山

　　lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets