专家：蔬菜和水果也不能乱吃乱吃可致病！

　　营养学家一直告诉人们多吃蔬菜水果有益健康，但并不是只要是蔬菜水果就可以随便吃，吃什么、吃多少取决于每个人的身体情况。吃错蔬菜水果，不但会有副作用，可能还会让你生病。下面这些蔬果不能乱吃。

　　AVOCADO 鳄梨(牛油果)

　　People who are sensitive to latex can also have an allergic reaction to avocado.

　　对乳胶敏感的人可能对鳄梨也会有过敏反应。

　　Latex comes from the sap of the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis. A study of 137 patients with rubber latex allergy, published in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, found that 21.1 percent were also allergic to particular foods, including banana (18.3 percent) and avocado (16.3 percent).

　　乳胶来自橡胶树的汁液。一项发表在《美国饮食协会学报》上的研究在调查了137位对胶乳过敏的患者后发现，21.1%的患者也对特定食物过敏，其中包括香蕉(18.3%)和鳄梨(16.3%)。

　　This is because some of the proteins in latex that cause allergic reactions are also present in these fruits.

　　这是因为乳胶中会导致过敏反应的一些蛋白质在这些水果中也存在。

　　The same cross-reactivity can happen with kiwi fruit, says Professor Jean Emberlin, scientific director of Allergy UK. ‘The proteins are very similar in both the latex and the fruit, so they can trigger similar reactions.’

　　英国过敏协会的科学主任琼·艾姆伯林教授说，猕猴桃也会产生同样的交叉过敏反应。“乳胶和猕猴桃中的蛋白质非常相似，所以会引发相似的过敏反应。”

　　Symptoms include tingling in the mouth, stuffy nose, itchy eyes, wheezing and, in rare cases, life-threatening anaphylaxis.

　　过敏症状包括口腔刺痛、鼻塞、眼睛痒、哮喘，在极少数情况下还可能引发致命的过敏性反应。

　　CHERRIES 樱桃

　　‘Cherry stones can be dangerous if chewed and then swallowed, as they contain a chemical compound based on the poison cyanide,’ says Dr Sanjay Prasad, a consultant cardiologist at the Royal Brompton Hospital in London.

　　伦敦皇家布朗普顿医院的心脏科顾问医师桑杰·普拉萨德说：“将樱桃核咀嚼后吞下会有危险，因为樱桃核含有一种本质为有毒氰化物的化合物。”

　　If the stone is ground down, say by chewing, then the compound amygdalin, a form of cyanide, is released.

　　如果樱桃核被嚼碎或碾碎，这种名为苦杏仁苷的化合物(一种氰化物)就会释放出来。

　　This can cause fever, headaches, falling blood pressure and, in extreme cases, can be fatal.

　　摄入这种化合物会导致发烧、头痛、血压下降，在极端情况下还可致命。

　　Research suggests the cyanide compound in cherries could be fatal in doses as small as 1.5 mg per kilogram of bodyweight, according to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

　　根据欧洲食品安全局的数据，研究显示，樱桃中氰化物的摄入量只要达到每公斤体重1.5毫克，就会致命。

　　A single cherry yields roughly 170 mg of cyanide per gram of seed — which means ingesting one or two freshly crushed stones could be dangerous. Apricot kernels also contain high levels of amygdalin — eating more than three small, raw apricot kernels, or less than half of one large kernel, can be a serious health risk, says the EFSA.

　　每克樱桃核大约会产生170毫克的氰化物，这意味着吃下一两个刚碾碎的樱桃核就会很危险。据欧洲食品安全局称，苦杏仁也含有大量苦杏仁苷，吃下三个以上的生的小苦杏仁，或者不到半个大苦杏仁，就会对健康产生严重危害。

　　The chemical is also found in apple seeds — but you would have to eat two cups of ground seeds for it to be fatal.

　　苹果核中也含有这种化合物，不过要吃掉两杯碾碎的苹果核才会有生命危险。

　　GRAPEFRUIT 葡萄柚

　　If you’re taking statins, check with your doctor whether you can have grapefruit juice, says Dr Prasad. ‘Statins are broken down by an enzyme in the liver, CYP3A, which normally reduces the amount of drug that enters your bloodstream.’

　　普拉萨德医生说，如果你正在服用他汀类药物，和你的医生确认一下你能否喝葡萄柚汁。“肝脏中一种名为CYP3A的酶能分解他汀类药物，正常情况下会减少进入血流的药物量。”

　　But grapefruit contains compounds that affect the function of CYP3A and therefore increases the potency of the drug (because less is broken down).

　　但是葡萄柚所含的化合物会影响CYP3A的功能，从而增加药物的效力(因为被分解掉的药量变少了)。