13项聪明人的特征你满足几项？（双语）

　　人前谁也不好意思承认自己聪明。说我聪明?哪里，不过是擅长应试罢了。但是人后就没必要虚头巴脑了。如果你不确定自己的智力水平，这里提供了13项聪明人的特征，来看看自己可以满足其中几项?

　　注：文中提及的人名，多为Quora用户，或者是专栏作家。

　　1. You're not easily distracted 不会轻易分心

　　Frank Zhu says "people who can focus for long stretches at a time and tune out distractions" are highly intelligent. As evidence, he points to a 2013 paper published in the journal Current Biology.

　　弗兰克•朱说，智商高的人“有更强的专注力，不会轻易分心他顾。”他的证据是2013年发表在《当代生物学》杂志上的一篇论文。

　　The paper describes two small studies that found people with higher scores on an IQ test were slower to recognize large background movements in an image. That's likely because they focus on the most important information and filter out the rest.

　　那篇论文介绍了两项小型研究，发现智商测试得分较高的人在识别较大的背景物移动行为时，速度反而较一般人慢。这很可能是因为他们习惯于把注意力放在最重要的信息上，并把其余部分过滤掉。

　　2. You're a night owl 夜猫子

　　The smarter you are, the more you're inclined to stay up into the wee hours of the morning, according to research.

　　研究发现，一个人越聪明，就越倾向于将睡眠时间推迟到凌晨之后。

　　One study, published in 2009 in the journal Personality and Individual Differences, looked at the link between childhood IQ and sleep habits among thousands of young adults. Sure enough, smarter individuals said they stayed up later and woke up later on both weekdays and weekends.

　　2009年发表在《个性与个体差异》杂志上的一项研究分析探讨了数千名青年的童年智商和睡眠习惯之间的联系。果然，无论平日还是周末，聪明的人都是晚睡晚起。

　　3. You're highly adaptable 适应能力很强

　　Several Quora users noted that intelligent people are flexible and able to thrive in different settings. As Donna F Hammett writes, intelligent people adapt by "showing what can be done regardless of the complications or restrictions placed upon them".

　　几位Quora用户指出，聪明的人更具灵活性，能够在不同的环境中茁壮成长。正如多娜•F•汉密特所写的那样，聪明的人能适应形势：“不管情况多么复杂，有什么限制条件，都可以有一番作为”。

　　Recent psychological research supports this idea. Intelligence depends on being able to change your own behaviors in order to cope more effectively with your environment, or make changes to the environment you're in.

　　这一观点得到了最新的心理研究的支持。智商高不高，取决于你能否为了更有效地融入环境而改变自己的行为，或改变自身所处的环境。

　　4. You understand how much you don't know 了解自己的不足

　　The smartest folks are able to admit when they aren't familiar with a particular concept. As Jim Winer writes, intelligent people "are not afraid to say: 'I don't know.' If they don't know it, they can learn it".

　　最聪明的人能承认自己不熟悉某一概念。正如吉姆•维纳所写，聪明人“并不畏惧说‘我不懂’。如果他们不知道，他们可以学习”。

　　Winer's observation is backed up by a classic study by Justin Kruger and David Dunning, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, which found that the less intelligent you are, the more you overestimate your cognitive abilities.

　　维纳观察到的这一点得到了贾斯汀•克鲁格和大卫•邓宁在《人格与社会心理学杂志》上发表的一篇经典论文的支持，该论文指出，智力水平越低的人，越会高估自己的认知能力。

　　In one experiment, for example, students who'd scored in the lowest quartile on a test adapted from the LSAT overestimated the number of questions they'd gotten right by nearly 50 percent. Meanwhile, those who'd scored in the top quartile slightly underestimated how many questions they'd gotten right.

　　例如，在一个实验中，学生参加了从法学院入学考试题改编而成的测试，成绩最差的学生把自己答对的题数高估了50%。与此同时，那些成绩最好的人略微低估了自己答对的题数。

　　5. You have insatiable curiosity 永无止境的求知欲

　　Albert Einstein reportedly said, "I have no special talents, I am only passionately curious."

　　据称，爱因斯坦曾说过这样一句话：“我并非天赋异禀，我只是对世界充满了好奇心。”

　　Or, as Keyzurbur Alas puts it, "intelligent people let themselves become fascinated by things others take for granted."

　　或者如凯伊祖布尔•阿拉斯所说：“高智商的人会迷上那些其他人觉得理所当然的事物。”

　　A study published in 2016, in the Journal of Individual Differences, suggests that there's a link between childhood intelligence and openness to experience — which encompasses intellectual curiosity — in adulthood.

　　2016年《个体差异杂志》上发表的一项研究表明，童年的智商水平与成年后对各种体验的开放态度(其中包含了求知欲)之间有一定的联系。

　　Scientists followed thousands of people born in the UK for 50 years and learned that 11-year-olds who'd scored higher on an IQ test turned out to be more open to experience at 50.

　　科学家们连续50年跟踪调查了数千名英国人。调查发现，在11岁时获得较高的IQ测试分数的人们，在50岁的时候也更能接受新鲜事物。

　　6. You're open-minded 思想开明

　　Smart people don't close themselves off to new ideas or opportunities.

　　高智商的人们不会对新的观点和机会抱有消极的态度。

　　Hammett writes that intelligent people are "willing to accept and consider other views with value and broad-mindedness," and that they are "open to alternative solutions".

　　汉密特写道，聪明的人“愿意用开阔的心胸接受和考虑其他观点，发现其中的价值”，而且他们“对不同的解决方案持开放态度”。

　　Psychologists say that open-minded people — those who seek out alternate viewpoints and weigh the evidence fairly — tend to score higher on the SAT and on intelligence tests.

　　心理学家表示，思想开明的人——那些能够找出和权衡各种不同观点的人——通常能在美国学术能力评估测验和智力测试中获得更高的分数。

　　At the same time, smart people are careful about which ideas and perspectives they adopt.

　　与此同时，聪明的人也会谨慎决定自己采纳的意见和想法。

　　"An intelligent mind has a strong aversion to accepting things on face value and therefore withholds belief until presented with ample evidence," says Alas.

　　阿拉斯说：“聪明的人不喜欢只看表面来决定是否采纳，因此在得到充分证据之前都会持保留态度。”

　　7. You like your own company 喜欢独处

　　Dipankar Trehan points out that highly intelligent people tend to be "very individualistic".

　　迪潘卡•特雷汉指出，智商高的人往往是“非常个人主义的”。

　　Interestingly, recent research from the British Journal of Psychology suggests that smarter people tend to derive less satisfaction than most people do from socialising with friends.

　　有趣的是，《英国心理学杂志》最近的研究表明，聪明的人从社交中获得的满足感要比多数人低。